The Concept of “Safe Third Country” – Legal Standards & Implementation in the Greek Asylum System

February 2024

The con­cept of “safe third coun­try” is gai­ning rene­wed pro­mi­nence in Euro­pean asyl­um sys­tems as govern­ments across the con­ti­nent seek ways to shift their respon­si­bi­li­ty for pro­ces­sing refu­gee claims to other sta­tes. The con­cept, ent­ail­ing a ground for inad­mis­si­bi­li­ty of asyl­um claims wit­hout an assess­ment on the merits, is at the fore­front of the recently

The con­cept of “safe third coun­try” is gai­ning rene­wed pro­mi­nence in Euro­pean asyl­um sys­tems as govern­ments across the con­ti­nent seek ways to shift their respon­si­bi­li­ty for pro­ces­sing refu­gee claims to other sta­tes. The con­cept, ent­ail­ing a ground for inad­mis­si­bi­li­ty of asyl­um claims wit­hout an assess­ment on the merits, is at the fore­front of the recent­ly agreed reform of the Com­mon Euro­pean Asyl­um System
(CEAS) at EU level and of dome­stic poli­cy imple­men­ta­ti­on or explo­ra­ti­on from Greece to the United King­dom and Ger­ma­ny. The­se safe third coun­try poli­ci­es regu­lar­ly come to a direct clash with human rights and the rule of law, hence their exten­si­ve liti­ga­ti­on befo­re natio­nal juris­dic­tions and Euro­pean courts.

The pre­sent stu­dy recalls the main Euro­pean legis­la­ti­ve and juris­pru­den­ti­al stan­dards under­ly­ing the safe third coun­try con­cept and ana­ly­ses their imple­men­ta­ti­on in the Greek asyl­um sys­tem. It focu­ses par­ti­cu­lar­ly on the case law of the Court of Jus­ti­ce of the Euro­pean Uni­on (CJEU), the Euro­pean Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and Greek courts and tri­bu­nals, i.e. the Inde­pen­dent Appeals Com­mit­tees (IAC) respon­si­ble for hea­ring asyl­um appeals.